Federal Support for University Research: Forty Years After the National Defense Education Act (Conference: October 1, 1998)
Participants
Marian C. Diamond
A. Hunter Dupree
Roger L. Geiger
John H. Gibbons
M.R.C. Greenwood
C. Judson King
Daniel Koshland
Edward Penhoet
Karl Pister
Robert M. Rosenzweig
Eugene B. Skolnikoff
Charles F. Townes
Marian Cleeves Diamond is former director of the Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley. Her major research interest is environmental effects on the brain. She has held the position of visiting scholar at various universities throughout the world, including universities in Venezuela, Australia, Kenya, and China. She received the Outstanding Teaching Award--University of California, the California Professor of the Year Award, and was a National Gold medalist for 1989-1990. Her most recent awards include the California Biomedical Research Association Distinguished Service Award, 1998, and California Alumni Association Alumna of the Year, 1995, and the Brazilian Gold Medal of Honor, the World Organization for Human Potential, 1993.
A. Hunter Dupree is the author of Science in the Federal Government: A History of Policies and Activities and Asa Gray: American Botanist, Friend of Darwin. He is the George L. Littlefield Professor of History, Emeritus, at Brown University. He was a professor of history at UC Berkeley from 1956 -1958 and served as Assistant Chancellor under Glenn T. Seaborg. He has served on history advisory committees for the Atomic Energy Commission, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and on the Smithsonian Council, as well as testifying for committees of both the US House and Senate. He is the recipient of the Presidential Award of the New York Academy of Sciences and was awarded the George Sarton Medal for career services to the History of Science Society.
Roger L. Geiger, Professor of Higher Education and Professor-in-Charge of the Higher Education program at Pennsylvania State University, has written widely on the academic research system, the history of American higher education, and comparative higher education. His books include: Private Sectors in Higher Education: Structure, Function, and Change in Eight Countries; To Advance Knowledge: the Growth of American Research Universities, 1900-1940; and Research and Relevant Knowledge: American Research Universities Since World War II. Since 1993 he has edited the History of Higher Education Annual. He currently is writing a history of American Colleges in the 19th century.
John H. Gibbons retired on April 3, 1998 as Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, and Director, Office of Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President of the United States (also referred to as "Science Advisor to the President"). He was responsible for coordinating science and technology policy and budgets across the federal government. Dr. Gibbons is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a member of the National Academy of Engineering, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. His publications are numerous in the areas of energy and environmental policy, energy supply and demand, resource management and environmental problems, nuclear physics, and origins of solar system elements. His most recent book is This Gifted Age: Science and Technology at the Millennium (1997).
M.R.C. Greenwood is Chancellor of the University of California, Santa Cruz. She is also president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In July 1996, President Clinton nominated her to serve, and the US Senate has confirmed her, as a member of the National Science Board. She also served as Associate Director for Science at the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office. She is Vice President of the American Society for Clinical Nutrition and is a Fellow of the California Academy of Sciences. Her research interests are in developmental cell biology, genetics, physiology and nutrition. Her work over the past 25 years, focusing on the genetic causes of obesity, is recognized world-wide.
C. Judson King is Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs of the University of California system, as well as Professor of Chemical Engineering on the Berkeley campus. Dr. King was previously Vice Provost for Research for the UC system. He was Provost, Professional Schools and Colleges; Dean of the College of Chemistry; and Chair of the Department of Chemical Engineering at UC Berkeley. Among his many accolades, his most recent award was for Distinguished Service to Industry, Commerce or Education by the Executive Board of the Yale Science and Engineering Association. His research interests center around separation processes, presently spray drying and the use of reversible chemical complexation for recovery of polar organics from aqueous solution.
Daniel Koshland is a Professor of the Graduate School, Division of Biochemistry & Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley, and former editor of Science magazine. Dr. Koshland made one of the most fundamental discoveries of our age in induced fit theory. That theory has not only led to new understandings of enzyme action and protein chemistry, but also to new understanding of feedback regulation, cooperativity, and hormone action. Dr. Koshland has continued to be a leader in these areas and in the last year has published important papers on cooperativity and the correlation of protein structure and function. He recently received the Albert Lasker Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science.
Edward Penhoet is Dean of the School of Public Health and former President and CEO of Chiron Corporation. He is Chairman of the California Healthcare Institute, a member of the Governor’s Biotechnology Council, Director of the California Public Health Foundation, and a member of the California Business Higher Education Forum. He was Advisor to the Committee on Science, Space, & Technology for the US House of Representatives in 1992. He received the 1991 Distinguished Service Award from UC Berkeley and the Northern California Entrepreneur of the Year Award from Ernst & Young, Inc. Magazine and the Harvard Business School.
Karl Pister is Chancellor Emeritus, UC Santa Cruz, and the Roy W. Carlson Professor of Engineering, Emeritus, UC Berkeley. He served as Dean of the College of Engineering at UC Berkeley between 1980 and 1990. Currently, he serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the California Council on Science and Technology, Chairman of the Board on Engineering Education and is a member of the Advisory Board for the Center for Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education of the National Research Council. His awards include the American Society for Engineering Education’s Benjamin Garver Lamme medal and the Distinguished Alumni Award from the Engineering Alumni Society of the College of Engineering, UC Berkeley.
Robert M. Rosenzweig is President Emeritus of the Association of American Universities. For twenty years prior to that he held a variety of academic and administrative positions at Stanford University, the last of which was Vice President for Public Affairs. He was Congressional Fellow of the American Political Science Association and Special Assistant to the Commissioner in the US Office of Education. His books on higher education include Federal Interest in Higher Education, Research Universities and their Patrons, and The Political University: Policy, Politics, and Presidential Leadership in the American Research University. He continues to write and consult with a number of universities on issues of policy and organization.
Eugene B. Skolnikoff, Professor of Political Science at MIT, has focused his research and teaching interests in the field of international affairs, with a strong emphasis on the changes brought by rapid scientific and technological change. From 1970-74 he was head of the Political Science Department and from 1972-87 he was Director of the Center for International Studies. He is currently chair of the UNU Institute for New Technology in Maastricht , Holland, and is on the NRC Space Studies Board, where he serves as Chair of the Committee on International Programs. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Science and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is author of the book, The Elusive Transformation: Science, Technology, and the Evolution of International Politics.
Charles H. Townes, who received the Nobel Prize for his role in the invention of the maser and the laser, is presently a Professor in the Graduate School at the University of California, Berkeley, and engaged in research in astrophysics. He is known for a variety of research involving the interaction of electromagnetic waves and matter, and also as teacher and government advisor. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, the Royal Society of London, and the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Among his many awards are the Rumford Premium of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, NASA’s Distinguished Public Service Medal, and the Medal of Honor of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
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