ACCOUNTABILITY IN POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION REVISITED

Accountability in the private and public sectors of society has received significant attention in both research and practice, partly because of its importance, but also because it is challenging to define, measure and implement. The nature of accountability is complex, ambiguous and highly context-dependent. As related to postsecondary education (PSE), multiple stakeholders across the nation have been pushing for greater accountability for at least three decades. Various stakeholders, including elected officials at the national and state level seemingly obsessed with achieving a "one size fits all" kind of accountability system, continue to produce proposals and in some cases legislation, for our institutions of postsecondary education to provide, among other matters, evidence of improved degree production, cost control, and student learning. This paper identifies who some of the stakeholders are and provides a range of accountability initiatives underway since a Center for Studies in Higher Education report, "Accountability in Higher Education: A Public Agenda for Public Trust and Cultural Change," was presented in 2006, including a specific focus on California.